630 lines
26 KiB
C++
630 lines
26 KiB
C++
/*
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* Software License Agreement (BSD License)
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*
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* Copyright (c) 2011, Willow Garage, Inc.
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* All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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*
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* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
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* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
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* disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
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* with the distribution.
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* * Neither the name of Willow Garage, Inc. nor the names of its
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* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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* from this software without specific prior written permission.
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
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* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
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* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
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* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*
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*/
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#pragma once
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#include <vector>
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#include <fstream>
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#include <Eigen/src/Core/Matrix.h>
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#include <pcl/memory.h>
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#include <pcl/pcl_macros.h>
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#include <pcl/point_types.h>
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#include <pcl/point_representation.h>
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#include <pcl/features/feature.h>
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#include <pcl/features/spin_image.h>
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#include <pcl/kdtree/kdtree_flann.h> // for KdTreeFLANN
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namespace pcl
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{
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/** \brief This struct is used for storing peak. */
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struct EIGEN_ALIGN16 ISMPeak
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{
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/** \brief Point were this peak is located. */
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PCL_ADD_POINT4D;
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/** \brief Density of this peak. */
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double density;
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/** \brief Determines which class this peak belongs. */
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int class_id;
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PCL_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW
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};
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namespace features
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{
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/** \brief This class is used for storing, analyzing and manipulating votes
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* obtained from ISM algorithm. */
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template <typename PointT>
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class PCL_EXPORTS ISMVoteList
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{
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public:
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using Ptr = shared_ptr<ISMVoteList<PointT> >;
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using ConstPtr = shared_ptr<const ISMVoteList<PointT>>;
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/** \brief Empty constructor with member variables initialization. */
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ISMVoteList ();
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/** \brief virtual descriptor. */
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virtual
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~ISMVoteList ();
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/** \brief This method simply adds another vote to the list.
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* \param[in] in_vote vote to add
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* \param[in] vote_origin origin of the added vote
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* \param[in] in_class class for which this vote is cast
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*/
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void
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addVote (pcl::InterestPoint& in_vote, const PointT &vote_origin, int in_class);
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/** \brief Returns the colored cloud that consists of votes for center (blue points) and
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* initial point cloud (if it was passed).
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* \param[in] cloud cloud that needs to be merged with votes for visualizing. */
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typename pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr
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getColoredCloud (typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr cloud = 0);
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/** \brief This method finds the strongest peaks (points were density has most higher values).
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* It is based on the non maxima supression principles.
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* \param[out] out_peaks it will contain the strongest peaks
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* \param[in] in_class_id class of interest for which peaks are evaluated
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* \param[in] in_non_maxima_radius non maxima supression radius. The shapes radius is recommended for this value.
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* \param in_sigma
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*/
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void
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findStrongestPeaks (std::vector<ISMPeak, Eigen::aligned_allocator<ISMPeak> > &out_peaks, int in_class_id, double in_non_maxima_radius, double in_sigma);
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/** \brief Returns the density at the specified point.
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* \param[in] point point of interest
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* \param[in] sigma_dist
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*/
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double
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getDensityAtPoint (const PointT &point, double sigma_dist);
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/** \brief This method simply returns the number of votes. */
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unsigned int
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getNumberOfVotes ();
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protected:
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/** \brief this method is simply setting up the search tree. */
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void
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validateTree ();
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Eigen::Vector3f
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shiftMean (const Eigen::Vector3f& snapPt, const double in_dSigmaDist);
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protected:
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/** \brief Stores all votes. */
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pcl::PointCloud<pcl::InterestPoint>::Ptr votes_;
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/** \brief Signalizes if the tree is valid. */
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bool tree_is_valid_;
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/** \brief Stores the origins of the votes. */
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typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr votes_origins_;
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/** \brief Stores classes for which every single vote was cast. */
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std::vector<int> votes_class_;
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/** \brief Stores the search tree. */
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pcl::KdTreeFLANN<pcl::InterestPoint>::Ptr tree_;
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/** \brief Stores neighbours indices. */
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pcl::Indices k_ind_;
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/** \brief Stores square distances to the corresponding neighbours. */
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std::vector<float> k_sqr_dist_;
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};
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/** \brief The assignment of this structure is to store the statistical/learned weights and other information
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* of the trained Implict Shape Model algorithm.
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*/
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struct PCL_EXPORTS ISMModel
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{
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using Ptr = shared_ptr<ISMModel>;
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using ConstPtr = shared_ptr<const ISMModel>;
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/** \brief Simple constructor that initializes the structure. */
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ISMModel ();
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/** \brief Copy constructor for deep copy. */
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ISMModel (ISMModel const & copy);
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/** Destructor that frees memory. */
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virtual
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~ISMModel ();
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/** \brief This method simply saves the trained model for later usage.
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* \param[in] file_name path to file for saving model
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*/
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bool
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saveModelToFile (std::string& file_name);
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/** \brief This method loads the trained model from file.
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* \param[in] file_name path to file which stores trained model
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*/
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bool
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loadModelFromfile (std::string& file_name);
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/** \brief this method resets all variables and frees memory. */
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void
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reset ();
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/** Operator overloading for deep copy. */
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ISMModel & operator = (const ISMModel& other);
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/** \brief Stores statistical weights. */
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std::vector<std::vector<float> > statistical_weights_;
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/** \brief Stores learned weights. */
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std::vector<float> learned_weights_;
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/** \brief Stores the class label for every direction. */
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std::vector<unsigned int> classes_;
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/** \brief Stores the sigma value for each class. This values were used to compute the learned weights. */
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std::vector<float> sigmas_;
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/** \brief Stores the directions to objects center for each visual word. */
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Eigen::MatrixXf directions_to_center_;
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/** \brief Stores the centers of the clusters that were obtained during the visual words clusterization. */
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Eigen::MatrixXf clusters_centers_;
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/** \brief This is an array of clusters. Each cluster stores the indices of the visual words that it contains. */
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std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int> > clusters_;
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/** \brief Stores the number of classes. */
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unsigned int number_of_classes_;
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/** \brief Stores the number of visual words. */
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unsigned int number_of_visual_words_;
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/** \brief Stores the number of clusters. */
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unsigned int number_of_clusters_;
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/** \brief Stores descriptors dimension. */
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unsigned int descriptors_dimension_;
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PCL_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW
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};
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}
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namespace ism
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{
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/** \brief This class implements Implicit Shape Model algorithm described in
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* "Hough Transforms and 3D SURF for robust three dimensional classication"
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* by Jan Knopp1, Mukta Prasad, Geert Willems1, Radu Timofte, and Luc Van Gool.
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* It has two main member functions. One for training, using the data for which we know
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* which class it belongs to. And second for investigating a cloud for the presence
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* of the class of interest.
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* Implementation of the ISM algorithm described in "Hough Transforms and 3D SURF for robust three dimensional classication"
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* by Jan Knopp, Mukta Prasad, Geert Willems, Radu Timofte, and Luc Van Gool
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*
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* Authors: Roman Shapovalov, Alexander Velizhev, Sergey Ushakov
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*/
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template <int FeatureSize, typename PointT, typename NormalT = pcl::Normal>
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class PCL_EXPORTS ImplicitShapeModelEstimation
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{
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public:
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using ISMModelPtr = pcl::features::ISMModel::Ptr;
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using Feature = pcl::Feature<PointT, pcl::Histogram<FeatureSize>>;
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using FeaturePtr = typename Feature::Ptr;
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protected:
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/** \brief This structure stores the information about the keypoint. */
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struct PCL_EXPORTS LocationInfo
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{
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/** \brief Location info constructor.
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* \param[in] model_num number of training model.
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* \param[in] dir_to_center expected direction to center
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* \param[in] origin initial point
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* \param[in] normal normal of the initial point
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*/
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LocationInfo (unsigned int model_num, const PointT& dir_to_center, const PointT& origin, const NormalT& normal) :
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model_num_ (model_num),
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dir_to_center_ (dir_to_center),
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point_ (origin),
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normal_ (normal) {};
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/** \brief Tells from which training model this keypoint was extracted. */
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unsigned int model_num_;
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/** \brief Expected direction to center for this keypoint. */
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PointT dir_to_center_;
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/** \brief Stores the initial point. */
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PointT point_;
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/** \brief Stores the normal of the initial point. */
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NormalT normal_;
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};
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/** \brief This structure is used for determining the end of the
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* k-means clustering process. */
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struct PCL_EXPORTS TermCriteria
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{
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enum
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{
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COUNT = 1,
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EPS = 2
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};
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/** \brief Termination criteria constructor.
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* \param[in] type defines the condition of termination(max iter., desired accuracy)
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* \param[in] max_count defines the max number of iterations
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* \param[in] epsilon defines the desired accuracy
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*/
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TermCriteria(int type, int max_count, float epsilon) :
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type_ (type),
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max_count_ (max_count),
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epsilon_ (epsilon) {};
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/** \brief Flag that determines when the k-means clustering must be stopped.
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* If type_ equals COUNT then it must be stopped when the max number of iterations will be
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* reached. If type_ eaquals EPS then it must be stopped when the desired accuracy will be reached.
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* These flags can be used together, in that case the clustering will be finished when one of these
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* conditions will be reached.
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*/
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int type_;
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/** \brief Defines maximum number of iterations for k-means clustering. */
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int max_count_;
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/** \brief Defines the accuracy for k-means clustering. */
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float epsilon_;
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};
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/** \brief Structure for storing the visual word. */
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struct PCL_EXPORTS VisualWordStat
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{
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/** \brief Empty constructor with member variables initialization. */
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VisualWordStat () :
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class_ (-1),
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learned_weight_ (0.0f),
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dir_to_center_ (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) {};
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/** \brief Which class this vote belongs. */
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int class_;
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/** \brief Weight of the vote. */
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float learned_weight_;
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/** \brief Expected direction to center. */
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pcl::PointXYZ dir_to_center_;
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};
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public:
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/** \brief Simple constructor that initializes everything. */
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ImplicitShapeModelEstimation ();
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/** \brief Simple destructor. */
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virtual
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~ImplicitShapeModelEstimation ();
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/** \brief This method simply returns the clouds that were set as the training clouds. */
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std::vector<typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr>
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getTrainingClouds ();
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/** \brief Allows to set clouds for training the ISM model.
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* \param[in] training_clouds array of point clouds for training
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*/
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void
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setTrainingClouds (const std::vector< typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr >& training_clouds);
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/** \brief Returns the array of classes that indicates which class the corresponding training cloud belongs. */
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std::vector<unsigned int>
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getTrainingClasses ();
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/** \brief Allows to set the class labels for the corresponding training clouds.
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* \param[in] training_classes array of class labels
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*/
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void
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setTrainingClasses (const std::vector<unsigned int>& training_classes);
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/** \brief This method returns the corresponding cloud of normals for every training point cloud. */
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std::vector<typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::Ptr>
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getTrainingNormals ();
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/** \brief Allows to set normals for the training clouds that were passed through setTrainingClouds method.
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* \param[in] training_normals array of clouds, each cloud is the cloud of normals
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*/
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void
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setTrainingNormals (const std::vector< typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::Ptr >& training_normals);
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/** \brief Returns the sampling size used for cloud simplification. */
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float
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getSamplingSize ();
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/** \brief Changes the sampling size used for cloud simplification.
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* \param[in] sampling_size desired size of grid bin
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*/
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void
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setSamplingSize (float sampling_size);
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/** \brief Returns the current feature estimator used for extraction of the descriptors. */
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FeaturePtr
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getFeatureEstimator ();
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/** \brief Changes the feature estimator.
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* \param[in] feature feature estimator that will be used to extract the descriptors.
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* Note that it must be fully initialized and configured.
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*/
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void
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setFeatureEstimator (FeaturePtr feature);
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/** \brief Returns the number of clusters used for descriptor clustering. */
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unsigned int
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getNumberOfClusters ();
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/** \brief Changes the number of clusters.
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* \param num_of_clusters desired number of clusters
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*/
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void
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setNumberOfClusters (unsigned int num_of_clusters);
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/** \brief Returns the array of sigma values. */
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std::vector<float>
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getSigmaDists ();
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/** \brief This method allows to set the value of sigma used for calculating the learned weights for every single class.
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* \param[in] training_sigmas new sigmas for every class. If you want these values to be computed automatically,
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* just pass the empty array. The automatic regime calculates the maximum distance between the objects points and takes 10% of
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* this value as recommended in the article. If there are several objects of the same class,
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* then it computes the average maximum distance and takes 10%. Note that each class has its own sigma value.
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*/
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void
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setSigmaDists (const std::vector<float>& training_sigmas);
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/** \brief Returns the state of Nvot coeff from [Knopp et al., 2010, (4)],
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* if set to false then coeff is taken as 1.0. It is just a kind of heuristic.
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* The default behavior is as in the article. So you can ignore this if you want.
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*/
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bool
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getNVotState ();
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/** \brief Changes the state of the Nvot coeff from [Knopp et al., 2010, (4)].
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* \param[in] state desired state, if false then Nvot is taken as 1.0
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*/
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void
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setNVotState (bool state);
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/** \brief This method performs training and forms a visual vocabulary. It returns a trained model that
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* can be saved to file for later usage.
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* \param[out] trained_model trained model
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*/
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bool
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trainISM (ISMModelPtr& trained_model);
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/** \brief This function is searching for the class of interest in a given cloud
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* and returns the list of votes.
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* \param[in] model trained model which will be used for searching the objects
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* \param[in] in_cloud input cloud that need to be investigated
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* \param[in] in_normals cloud of normals corresponding to the input cloud
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* \param[in] in_class_of_interest class which we are looking for
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*/
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typename pcl::features::ISMVoteList<PointT>::Ptr
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findObjects (ISMModelPtr model, typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr in_cloud, typename pcl::PointCloud<Normal>::Ptr in_normals, int in_class_of_interest);
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protected:
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/** \brief Extracts the descriptors from the input clouds.
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* \param[out] histograms it will store the descriptors for each key point
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* \param[out] locations it will contain the comprehensive information (such as direction, initial keypoint)
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* for the corresponding descriptors
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*/
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bool
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extractDescriptors (std::vector<pcl::Histogram<FeatureSize> >& histograms,
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std::vector<LocationInfo, Eigen::aligned_allocator<LocationInfo> >& locations);
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/** \brief This method performs descriptor clustering.
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* \param[in] histograms descriptors to cluster
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* \param[out] labels it contains labels for each descriptor
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* \param[out] clusters_centers stores the centers of clusters
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*/
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bool
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clusterDescriptors (std::vector< pcl::Histogram<FeatureSize> >& histograms, Eigen::MatrixXi& labels, Eigen::MatrixXf& clusters_centers);
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/** \brief This method calculates the value of sigma used for calculating the learned weights for every single class.
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* \param[out] sigmas computed sigmas.
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*/
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void
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calculateSigmas (std::vector<float>& sigmas);
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/** \brief This function forms a visual vocabulary and evaluates weights
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* described in [Knopp et al., 2010, (5)].
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* \param[in] locations array containing description of each keypoint: its position, which cloud belongs
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* and expected direction to center
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* \param[in] labels labels that were obtained during k-means clustering
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* \param[in] sigmas array of sigmas for each class
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* \param[in] clusters clusters that were obtained during k-means clustering
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* \param[out] statistical_weights stores the computed statistical weights
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* \param[out] learned_weights stores the computed learned weights
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*/
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void
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calculateWeights (const std::vector< LocationInfo, Eigen::aligned_allocator<LocationInfo> >& locations,
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const Eigen::MatrixXi &labels,
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std::vector<float>& sigmas,
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std::vector<std::vector<unsigned int> >& clusters,
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std::vector<std::vector<float> >& statistical_weights,
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std::vector<float>& learned_weights);
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/** \brief Simplifies the cloud using voxel grid principles.
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* \param[in] in_point_cloud cloud that need to be simplified
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* \param[in] in_normal_cloud normals of the cloud that need to be simplified
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* \param[out] out_sampled_point_cloud simplified cloud
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* \param[out] out_sampled_normal_cloud and the corresponding normals
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*/
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void
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simplifyCloud (typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::ConstPtr in_point_cloud,
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typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::ConstPtr in_normal_cloud,
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typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr out_sampled_point_cloud,
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typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::Ptr out_sampled_normal_cloud);
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/** \brief This method simply shifts the clouds points relative to the passed point.
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* \param[in] in_cloud cloud to shift
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* \param[in] shift_point point relative to which the cloud will be shifted
|
|
*/
|
|
void
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|
shiftCloud (typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr in_cloud, Eigen::Vector3f shift_point);
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|
|
|
/** \brief This method simply computes the rotation matrix, so that the given normal
|
|
* would match the Y axis after the transformation. This is done because the algorithm needs to be invariant
|
|
* to the affine transformations.
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|
* \param[in] in_normal normal for which the rotation matrix need to be computed
|
|
*/
|
|
Eigen::Matrix3f
|
|
alignYCoordWithNormal (const NormalT& in_normal);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This method applies transform set in in_transform to vector io_vector.
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|
* \param[in] io_vec vector that need to be transformed
|
|
* \param[in] in_transform matrix that contains the transformation
|
|
*/
|
|
void
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|
applyTransform (Eigen::Vector3f& io_vec, const Eigen::Matrix3f& in_transform);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This method estimates features for the given point cloud.
|
|
* \param[in] sampled_point_cloud sampled point cloud for which the features must be computed
|
|
* \param[in] normal_cloud normals for the original point cloud
|
|
* \param[out] feature_cloud it will store the computed histograms (features) for the given cloud
|
|
*/
|
|
void
|
|
estimateFeatures (typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr sampled_point_cloud,
|
|
typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::Ptr normal_cloud,
|
|
typename pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Histogram<FeatureSize> >::Ptr feature_cloud);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Performs K-means clustering.
|
|
* \param[in] points_to_cluster points to cluster
|
|
* \param[in] number_of_clusters desired number of clusters
|
|
* \param[out] io_labels output parameter, which stores the label for each point
|
|
* \param[in] criteria defines when the computational process need to be finished. For example if the
|
|
* desired accuracy is achieved or the iteration number exceeds given value
|
|
* \param[in] attempts number of attempts to compute clustering
|
|
* \param[in] flags if set to USE_INITIAL_LABELS then initial approximation of labels is taken from io_labels
|
|
* \param[out] cluster_centers it will store the cluster centers
|
|
*/
|
|
double
|
|
computeKMeansClustering (const Eigen::MatrixXf& points_to_cluster,
|
|
int number_of_clusters,
|
|
Eigen::MatrixXi& io_labels,
|
|
TermCriteria criteria,
|
|
int attempts,
|
|
int flags,
|
|
Eigen::MatrixXf& cluster_centers);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Generates centers for clusters as described in
|
|
* Arthur, David and Sergei Vassilvitski (2007) k-means++: The Advantages of Careful Seeding.
|
|
* \param[in] data points to cluster
|
|
* \param[out] out_centers it will contain generated centers
|
|
* \param[in] number_of_clusters defines the number of desired cluster centers
|
|
* \param[in] trials number of trials to generate a center
|
|
*/
|
|
void
|
|
generateCentersPP (const Eigen::MatrixXf& data,
|
|
Eigen::MatrixXf& out_centers,
|
|
int number_of_clusters,
|
|
int trials);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Generates random center for cluster.
|
|
* \param[in] boxes contains min and max values for each dimension
|
|
* \param[out] center it will the contain generated center
|
|
*/
|
|
void
|
|
generateRandomCenter (const std::vector<Eigen::Vector2f, Eigen::aligned_allocator<Eigen::Vector2f> >& boxes, Eigen::VectorXf& center);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Computes the square distance between two vectors.
|
|
* \param[in] vec_1 first vector
|
|
* \param[in] vec_2 second vector
|
|
*/
|
|
float
|
|
computeDistance (Eigen::VectorXf& vec_1, Eigen::VectorXf& vec_2);
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Forbids the assignment operator. */
|
|
ImplicitShapeModelEstimation&
|
|
operator= (const ImplicitShapeModelEstimation&);
|
|
|
|
protected:
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Stores the clouds used for training. */
|
|
std::vector<typename pcl::PointCloud<PointT>::Ptr> training_clouds_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Stores the class number for each cloud from training_clouds_. */
|
|
std::vector<unsigned int> training_classes_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Stores the normals for each training cloud. */
|
|
std::vector<typename pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>::Ptr> training_normals_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This array stores the sigma values for each training class. If this array has a size equals 0, then
|
|
* sigma values will be calculated automatically.
|
|
*/
|
|
std::vector<float> training_sigmas_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This value is used for the simplification. It sets the size of grid bin. */
|
|
float sampling_size_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Stores the feature estimator. */
|
|
typename Feature::Ptr feature_estimator_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief Number of clusters, is used for clustering descriptors during the training. */
|
|
unsigned int number_of_clusters_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief If set to false then Nvot coeff from [Knopp et al., 2010, (4)] is equal 1.0. */
|
|
bool n_vot_ON_;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This const value is used for indicating that for k-means clustering centers must
|
|
* be generated as described in
|
|
* Arthur, David and Sergei Vassilvitski (2007) k-means++: The Advantages of Careful Seeding. */
|
|
static const int PP_CENTERS = 2;
|
|
|
|
/** \brief This const value is used for indicating that input labels must be taken as the
|
|
* initial approximation for k-means clustering. */
|
|
static const int USE_INITIAL_LABELS = 1;
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
POINT_CLOUD_REGISTER_POINT_STRUCT (pcl::ISMPeak,
|
|
(float, x, x)
|
|
(float, y, y)
|
|
(float, z, z)
|
|
(float, density, ism_density)
|
|
(float, class_id, ism_class_id)
|
|
)
|